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May 28, 2004
Planting Delays: Considerations for late planting:
DURUM
It will take durum approximately 85 to 100 days from seeding to
reach physiological maturity or swathing stage when planted in June. There
is no concise answer how long durum will take to reach maturity when planted
in June. August and September temperatures will dictate whether it will only
take 85 days or as long as 100 days. As planting is delayed into June,
variety selection is very important and every day counts as far as reaching
maturity. There could be a difference of 10 days in maturity from an early
maturing variety like Monroe( to a late maturing variety like Kyle(. Seeding
durum in June, varieties such as Monroe, Ben, Rugby, Munich, or Lebsock can
gain an important 3 to 5 days in the fall compared to Renville, Mountrail,
or Kyle.
Early: Monroe
Medium Early: Rugby, Ward, Ben
Medium: Munich, Pierce, Lebsock
Medium .Late: Renville, Maier
Late: Belzer, Plenty, Plaza, Mountrail,
Kyle
It will be very difficult to make
physiological maturity and milling durum quality with a normal September
frost date when seeded later than June 10 with all durum varieties.
SPRING WHEAT
It takes approximately 80 to 90 days to reach physiological maturity
or swathing stage when spring wheat is planted in June. Spring wheat can be
planted as late as June 15th; however , there are concerns. There is no
major concern with planting spring wheat late as far as variety selection by
maturity. There are only about 5 days difference in early maturing varieties
versus late maturing varieties. However, when seeding spring wheat in June
leaf rust and barley yellow dwarf virus (BYDV) are a concern. Both diseases
caused significant yield losses in late seeded spring wheat in 1998. Ingot,
AC Barrie, and 2375 had severe yield reductions that year when seeded into
June. If seeding spring wheat in June, consider leaf rust resistance.
Leaf Rust Ratings for 2004 Hard red spring wheat
variety selection:
Susceptible: 2375, Grandin, Forge Gunner, Ingot,
McNeal, Oxen, Russ, Scholar, Walworth
Moderately Susceptible: Butte 86, Norpro, Parshall,
Reeder, Trenton
Moderately Resistant: Alsen, Ernest, Granite, Hamer,
Knudson
Resistant: Briggs, Dapps, Keene
Varieties considered moderately susceptible
or susceptible should be monitored closely for leaf rust during the growing
season. There are many fungicides available that will control leaf rust in
wheat.
Barley
It takes approximately 70 to 80 days to reach make physiological
maturity or swathing stage when barley is seeded in June. Barley can be
planted as late as June 15th; however , there the concerns with malt
quality. When seeding 6-row barley late, maintaining high test weight, plump
kernels, and low protein are a concern. Often 6-row barley seeded in June
often is marketed as feed due to heat stress that occurs in August resulting
in low test weight and high protein. The 2-row types are more tolerant to
drought and/or heat stress and are more adapted to late planting. The 2-row
types such as, Conlon, also have higher test weight and percent plump; which
will increase the chance of making malt quality.
CANOLA
Once we approach June 1, canola becomes more risky to seed. When
comparing sunflowers and canola planted June 1 or later, sunflower will
significantly produce higher yields on average. When seeding canola late,
early maturing varieties should be selected. On problem canola has when
seeded in June is high green seed content. Often canola that is swathed in
late August or early September doesn(t have the time to cure before a hard
frost. This leads to higher green seed content fixed in the seed. Keep in
mind when planting has been delayed into early June due to excess moisture,
canola in past years (example 1999) has had satisfactory yields due to the
fact that there is above normal sub-soil moisture. Having above normal
sub-soil moisture will help canola maintain yield under heat stress
conditions during flowering or ripening.
FIELD PEAS
Most semi-leafless pea varieties have early maturity similar to
barley. Seeding peas in June are a high risk if they are susceptible to
powdery mildew. In planting date studies at Langdon, Carrington, and Minot,
June plantings had yields of 10 to15 bushels per acre compared to 40 to 50
bushels per acre with early May plantings. The loss in yield was primarily
due to powdery mildew. This disease develops late in the season and will
cause white powdery spot on the leaves, stems, and pods. Severely infected
plants will not mature normally. In most instances, infected plants stay
green and do not mature and set seed. This results in poor seed production
and problems at harvest if direct combining. If planting peas in June,
select a variety that is resistant to powdery mildew. All green pea
varieties except Stratus( are susceptible to powdery mildew.
LENTILS
Most lentil varieties have similar maturity to wheat and will reach
physiological maturity in 80 to 90 days. Except Laird which is a very late
maturing variety and is risky to seed in June. The only concern with June
planted lentils in the risk of cool, wet harvest weather in September.
Growers seeding lentils in June should consider the option of desicating and
straight combining the lentils rather than swathing them to insure quality.
FLAX
It takes approximately 90 to 100 days to reach physiological
maturity or swathing stage when flax is seeded in June. The stems of June
planted flax will often will stay green, which makes swathing difficult. In
a 8 year planting date study at Minot, flax yields were reduced 27% with
early June plantings compared to early May plantings. Once planting was
delayed to mid-June, yield decreased 60% from the early May plantings.
Average yields can be obtained when seeding flax in early June; however, if
planting flax beyond mid-June a realistic yield of 8 to 12 bushels per acre
should be expected.
SUNFLOWERS
It takes approximately 90 - 100 days to reach physiological maturity
when planting an early maturing sunflower hybrid in June. Early maturing
sunflower hybrids can be seeded as late as mid-June with a normal frost date
in September.
SOYBEANS
It takes approximately 105 - 120 days to reach physiological
maturity. In north central North Dakota, assuming a normal frost date in
September, a (00" variety should make maturity if planted before June 10. A
(0" variety should reach maturity with a normal frost date if planted before
June 5.
ANNUAL FORAGE SELECTION FOR JUNE PLANTINGS
When planting annual forages in June, the warm season forages will have a
higher yield potential than the cool season forages such as oats or barley.
Warm Season Forage Selection:
Hay millet will produce a hay crop in 50 to 60 days from planting
and can be planted as late as mid-July. The optimum stage of harvest is a
week to ten days after heading.
Siberian millet will produce a hay crop in 50 to 55 days from
seeding. Siberian millet has narrow leaves and has a finer stem than German
millet. German millet will produce a hay crop in 60 days and usually
produces higher tonnage than Siberian millet. Annual forage trials from the
past ten years at Dickinson, Carrington, and Minot indicate that German
millet is the most consistent yielding annual forage that produces a good
quality hay as well. If summer conditions are hot and dry or cool and wet,
German millet tends to produce a consistent yield; while other annual
forages vary depending on the weather conditions.
Hybrid sudan-sorghum and sudangrass will produce a hay crop in 75
days. They have excellent regrowth potential and are more drought tolerant
than pearl millet. These forages have higher tonnage potential than hay
millets and have a proven (track record( in western North Dakota. Hybrid
sudan-sorghum and sudangrass should be seeded by mid-June.
Cool Season Annual Forage Selection:
If seeding a cool season annual forage in June, research results
from late planting date forage studies at Minot indicate that triticale or
barley are better adapted planted in June compared to oats. Oat yield
(tons/acre) was drastically reduced when planted in June compared to
planting in mid-May. Triticale or barley yields were reduced with the June
planting date as well; however, not as significantly as oats. Combinations
of peas with small grains have also yielded less when planted in June
compared to early May. This was mainly due to the fact that pea growth was
significantly reduced with the June plantings.
Grass Tetany
After the recent moisture from snow followed by warm rain we can
expect to see a dramatic growth of lush grass with a high potential for
grass tetany.
This problem is generally more prevalent on domesticated grass
pastures such as crested wheatgrass and smooth bromegrass that lack old
growth (residual growth from previous year) and native rangeland grazed in
May. Grass tetany occurs most commonly on pastures grazed in May because of
a deficiency in magnesium or calcium. Tetany is most commonly associated
with cows that are six years old or older and are nursing calves under 2
months of age.
Producers can prevent grass tetany by providing plenty of magnesium
mineral prior to and during the period livestock are on pasture in May and
by grazing domesticated grass pastures containing significant amounts of old
growth. Grazing should not start before the three leaf stage because the
more mature grasses will have a more balanced ratio of available magnesium
than will young grasses. Early grazing of pastures with grass-legume mixes
such as CRP would be beneficial because legumes have two to three times more
magnesium than grasses. High risk pastures with little or no old growth
should be only cautiously grazed by less susceptible animals (heifers, dry
cows, stockers, cows with calves 4 months of age or older, dry ewes, and
yearling sheep). Animals that have previously had grass tetany will tend to
experience recurrence of the condition. To prevent grass tetany, producers
should incorporate a combination of these precautionary steps.
Using a high magnesium mineral or lick tub is important even if you
have a lot of old growth.
2004 Project Safe Send Sites, Dates Announced
Thanks to a grant from the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, the
North Dakota Department of Agriculture (NDDA) will be able to conduct a
scaled-back Project Safe Send collection this year in July.
"The state non-point source pollution task force clearly saw the
value of Project Safe Send and recommended this project to the EPA, which
authorized $150,190 for the program this year," said Agriculture
Commissioner Roger Johnson, who announced the sites and dates of the 2004
collections. "Although we will be collecting at fewer sites this year, it is
still the perfect opportunity for farmers, ranchers, homeowners, businesses
and city and county governments to get rid of their unusable pesticides
safely and at no cost."
All collections will be held from 9 a.m. to 3 p.m. (local time) at
the North Dakota Department of Transportation (DOT) facilities (except West
Fargo) in the following communities:
* July 13 - Hettinger DOT, 121 1st St. N;
located ¾ mile north of U.S. Highway 12 on the road to the airport.
* July 14 - Underwood DOT, 337 Old Highway 83;
located just north of the city on the west side of Highway 83.
* July 15 - Mohall DOT, 802 CO Road 9N; drive
west through Mohall on Highway 5, cross the railroad tracks on the west edge
of town, turn right at County Road 9 and go ½ mile north; located on the
right side of the road.
* July 16 - Devils Lake DOT, 1905 Schwan Ave.
NW; located 2½ miles west of Devils Lake - Industrial Park - on the south
side of U.S. Highway 2.
* July 19 - Cavalier DOT, 9398 138th Ave. NE;
located 3 miles west of Cavalier on the south side of N.D. Highway 5.
* July 20 - West Fargo, Cass County Highway
Department shop, 1201 W. Main Ave.; located on the south side of Main
Avenue, ¼ mile east of the Red River Valley Fairgrounds.
* July 21 - Jamestown DOT, 3568 81ST Ave. NE;
take Exit 256 on I-94, Woodbury Interchange, drive north about ½ mile;
located on the east side of street.
* July 22 - Oakes DOT, 914 S 7th St.; drive
south on 7th St, ¼ mile south of the railroad tracks, located on the east
side before the SE Vocation Center.
Persons with more than 1,000 pounds of
pesticides should call (701) 328-4997 to pre-register. Others do not have to
pre-register. NDDA will accept up to 100 pounds of pesticide rinse water
free of charge, then a $1 fee will be charged for each additional pound.
Onyx Environmental Services of Blaine, MN, will collect the pesticides and
transport them to Wisconsin where they will be bulk packaged and then
transported to federally approved incinerators and disposal sites in other
states.
Johnson said a total of 155,158 pounds of unusable pesticides were
collected at nine sites in 2003, compared to 190,759 pounds at 16 sites in
2002.
"I hope that the 2005 Legislature will authorize full funding for
Project Safe Send for the next biennium," Johnson said. "The numbers clearly
show a continued need for the program, and there is widespread support for
it among lawmakers."
Until this year, Project Safe Send had been funded by the fees paid
by pesticide manufacturers to register their products in the state.
Since 1991, more than 1.4 million pounds of unusable pesticides,
including DDT, arsenic and mercury compounds, have been shipped out of state
and destroyed through Project Safe Send.
Spring Crop Clinic and Tour
A spring crop clinic covering herbicides and crop growth staging will
be held at the Lakeside Park in Powers Lake, Wednesday, June 9 at 4:00 pm.
We will meet at the park and take a short tour to look at crops in the
area and return to the park for supper sponsored by Powers Lake Elevator and
Farmers Union Oil, Powers Lake.
Featured Speakers will be Kent McKay, NDSU Extension Area Entomologist
and various chemical representatives.
For more information, contact the Burke County Extension Office,
377-2927 or see Doug Eckert at the Powers Lake Elevator or Brad Torkelson at
Farmer Union of Powers Lake.
Dan Folske
Extension Agent/Burke County
Soil Conservation Technology Specialist
PO Box 280
Bowbells, North Dakota 58721
dfolske@ndsuext.nodak.edu
701-377-2927 |