Ramsey County

 PERMIT HERBICIDE REGISTERED IN DRY BEANS

        Last year was a banner year for common ragweed and it was especially a problem in broadleaf row crops, including dry beans. Permit controls most large-seeded broadleaf weeds including cocklebur, marshelder, wild mustard, and ragweed species. Permit was developed as a POST corn herbicide by Monsanto and now Gowan owns the marketing right. Gowan has also expanded the label to include use on additional crops, including dry edible beans. Permit is labeled for PPI and PRE use in dry beans at up to 0.67 oz product/A. NDSU has a limited database on PRE weed control.

        Permit is rated "Good" across universities for common ragweed soil-applied (PRE or PPI). Permit + Eptam is rated as (Very Good).  Eptam has lost favor for weed control in ND because of the quickness of incorporation and deep incorporation required. Deep incorporation (PPI) of Permit with yellow herbicides (Treflan, Sonalan) or Eptam may dilute the product too much and lead to less efficacy. Yellow herbicides are generally rated poor on large-seeded broadleaf weeds anyway. Permit + Dual is a little more variable based on university ratings.

      A logical program for common ragweed control in dry beans would be Permit PRE followed by Reflex POST if escapes occur. These programs would give different mode’s of action, which is good because ragweed resistance to Permit (ALS) has been documented.

 AXIAL XL HERBICIDE LABEL CHANGES

•Do not graze livestock or harvest forage for hay from treated wheat and barley for a minimum of 30 days following application.

•Do not harvest grain for 60 days following application.

•Do not apply both Discover and Axial products to the same crop in the same season.

•Wheat and barley straw may be fed to livestock 60 days after application.

 NEW HERBICIDE FOR SOYBEAN

        Authority Assist is a premix for preemergence broadleaf weed control in soybean. The ingredients are sulfentrazone (Spartan) and imazethapyr (Pursuit). Authority Assist has rate recommendations at full rates of 6 to 12 fl oz/a depending on soil type and organic matter, and at reduced rates of 4 to 6 fl oz/a. The reduced rates are intended as a foundation treatment to suppress early-season weeds before a glyphosate application in Roundup Ready soybeans. The 6 fl oz/a rate provides the equivalent of 6 fl oz/a Spartan and 2 fl oz/a Pursuit. With this premix, control or suppression of lambsquarters, nightshade, pigweed, smartweed, velvetleaf, and waterhemp should be expected along with suppression of foxtails. Common and giant ragweed are weeds that may not be suppressed well. Because Authority Assist contains imazethapyr, certain rotational crops are limited. Rotational intervals include wheat at 4 months, barley and tobacco at 9.5 months; field corn, peas, and snap beans at 10 months; alfalfa at 12 months; oats and sweet corn at 18 months; and potatoes at 26 months.

 IMPACT HERBICIDE - REDUCED CROP ROTATION RESTRICTIONS

        The Impact herbicide label now includes the reduced use rate of 0.5 oz with a 9-month plant back to soybeans as opposed to the 3/4 fl oz rate which would require an 18 month restriction on soybeans. The new Impact label also adds four new weeds: green foxtail (in addition to yellow foxtail), dandelion, powell amaranth (similar to redroot pigweed and well established in ND), and marestail.

 EFFECT OF SEED INOCULATION AND N FERTILIZATION ON SOYBEAN YIELD AND PROTEIN

        Too much nitrogen can injure the Nitrogen (N) fixation and normal soybean development, leading to inadequate nitrogen being available later in the season. A study conducted by R. Jay Goos, NDSU Soil Scientist, and the Carrington Research Extension Center in 2007, demonstrated how too much available N in the soil can injure the nitrogen fixation mechanism for the entire season.  A field with no history of soybeans was grown to two varieties of soybeans. Among the treatments, there was a combination of no inoculation or inoculation with or without 100 lb N/A before planting. The soil was not absolutely devoid of rhizobia bacteria, and some fixation did occur in the absence of inoculation.

Early in the growing season, the N-fertilized soybeans were much greener and more vigorous than those depending on fixation.  It seemed at the time, that the N fertilizer was doing some good.

 SEQ CHAPTER \h \r 1        By flowering, however, that difference in color had disappeared, and all plots were dark green.  The export compound of fixation (the compound going from the nodules to the tops), the ureide-N, was greatly increased by inoculation, and severely suppressed by N fixation.  By harvest, the best yield, protein, and protein yield was given by the plants receiving seed inoculation only.

So, given the high price of nitrogen fertilizer, and the tendency of excess N fertilizer to induce iron chlorosis on poorly-drained soils, it is hard to recommend N fertilizer for properly inoculated soybeans.

 CHECK LEGUMES FOR NODULES

        Soybean, dry bean, field pea, lentil, and alfalfa are important legume crops grown in North Dakota.  Specific bacteria live in symbioses with legume roots and nodules are formed where atmospheric nitrogen is transformed in plant usable nitrogen. Nodulation is a good diagnostic tool to evaluate the relative crop condition. Stressed legumes will have limited nodule numbers. Severe stress after the nodules are formed may cause nodule sloughing and decrease the active number of nodules. There are several stress factors that can occur during the growing season. Excess moisture, drought, and unbalanced plant nutrition are the most common stress factors. As the legumes depend on the nodule growth for their nitrogen supply, stressed and reduced nodulation may lead to nitrogen shortages for the growing legume plant. Drought and nutrient stress may lead to low yields and early maturing of the crop.

        Nodules develop on the tender root hair tissues rather than the older tissue of the root. Nodules can be already found a few weeks after the plant emerged. Nitrogen fixation kicks in, normally at about the 2nd trifoliolate stage. Active nodules, those producing nitrogen for the crop will have a nice pink or reddish color when the nodules are cut open.

Nodulation problems

        If the legume seed was inoculated with an old source of inoculum (>2 yr. old) the bacteria count could be low, and therefore nodulation is lower than with new and healthy inoculants. If the inoculant (live bacteria) was exposed to heat or long periods of direct sun the bacteria count could be reduced, it only takes an hour to kill the bacteria if left in the sun. Also, if the seed was not properly and uniformly treated nodule numbers may be low. Some of the seed treatments (fungicide, insecticide or combination) may be antagonistic with inoculants (check the label.) Manufactures of products and seed suppliers can provide product compatibility information. Other stress factors that may cause low nodulation are root rot problems, wet and saturated soils, high pH and or high salt concentrations, and cold or dry soil conditions. It is important to diagnose why nodulation is low, so preventative measures can be taken next season to avoid similar problems.

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 TICK PROBLEMS FOR LIVESTOCK IN PASTURES

        Adult male Dermecentor ticks are recognized by a shiny brown dorsal surface with white mottling. Females are recognized by having a white thorax dorsally. Typically, males do not engorge themselves to the degree that females do. Engorged ticks may loose their basic coloration and appear gray.

        Ticks are attracted to the scent of animals and are most commonly found along game trails, livestock paths, and fence rows and roadways. This is important for tick control as range or pasture treatments should be focused on these areas.

        Tick Control:  Control of ticks and tick-borne diseases has been accomplished primarily with pesticides called acaricides to kill ticks. Pesticides can be applied to the pasture and/or directly to the animals, depending on the chemical.

        Pasture treatments:  Carbaryl (Sevin) may be used to treat open areas and the perimeter. Pasture may be harvested or grazed the same day as treatment. Some of the pyrethroids registered for tick control include:  Cyfluthrin (Tempo 20WP or 2L), bifenthrin (Talstar) and esfenvalerate (Asana XL), and may be used only as a perimeter spray in noncropland areas where livestock do not graze. Treat in spring when temperatures begin to exceed 60 degrees F. Treatment may need to be repeated in the fall. Adhere to grazing and preharvest restrictions as stated on the label.

        Direct treatment to livestock:  Permethrin is one of the common pesticides registered for direct treatment to the animals. There are a variety of procedures for treating animals with acaricides including dipping cattle, dusts, systemic injection systems and plastic collars. Regardless of the treatment method used, producers need to know and follow proper application procedures to derive maximum benefit. The development of tick resistance to acaricides is a major concern and research on new products is needed to overcome resistance to compounds already in use.

        Alternative pest management methods:  Tick survival requires humid microhabitats covered by vegetation, leaf litter, soil and other natural materials, or in the nests, burrows, and other cavities used by their hosts. As a result, ticks often do not come into direct contact with these toxicants. For an acaricide to be effective in killing ticks, it must reach the tick as vapors or by contact when the ticks move about while seeking hosts. Alternative pest management methods include habitat modification - burning or clearing of vegetation, or host removal (e.g. removal of deer by hunting or deer exclusion fences). Burning or clearing vegetation removes the dense cover under which ticks shelter, and reduces ground-level humidity making the habitat unsuitable for tick survival. Effective tick control should include an integrated pasture management approach – rotational grazing, selected use of acaricides and alternative methods.

NDSU Extension Service, North Dakota State University of Agriculture and  Applied Science, and U.S. Department of Agriculture cooperating.  Duane Hauck, Director, Fargo, North Dakota.  Distributed in furtherance of the Acts of Congress of May 8 and June 30, 1914.  We offer our programs and facilities to all persons regardless of race, color, national origin, religion, sex, handicap, age.  Vietnam era veterans status, or sexual orientation; and are an equal opportunity employer.

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524 4th Ave NE #5, 2nd Floor Ramsey County Courthouse
Devils Lake  ND  58301
701-662-7027
email - ramsey@ndsuext.nodak.edu

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   NDSU Extension Service Agriculture, Natural Resources