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February 10, 2005

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Geospatial Applications: Comparing GPS Receivers for Mobile Agricultural Applications

By John Nowatzki, Geospatial Specialist
NDSU Extension Service

Choosing a global positioning system (GPS) receiver for mobile applications can be a complicated decision because several companies sell GPS receivers and most companies have several models. The choices become more complicated because companies often market a GPS receiver with other components, such as light bars and yield monitors. To make a sound decision, categorize the GPS receivers by specifications to help understand each unit’s capabilities.

How often the GPS position is recalculated is referred to as frequency. A standard measure of frequency is hertz and means "cycles per second." If the GPS receiver is listed as 5 hertz, it recalculates its position five times per second. Guidance systems require GPS receivers with at least 5 hertz. If the equipment is used for row-crop planting or cultivation, the GPS receiver may need a higher frequency.

GPS satellites continually broadcast on two frequencies. The standard positioning service (SPS) is the standard level of positioning broadcast on one frequency (L1) and is available continuously to any user worldwide. The precise positioning service (PPS) is the most accurate level of positioning and is broadcast on a second frequency (L2). It is available continuously, but only to authorized U.S. and foreign governments and eligible civil users. Dual-frequency GPS receivers are more accurate than single-frequency receivers and are more suitable to mobile GPS applications.

There are several correction signals available, including WAAS, U.S. Coast Guard Beacon, Omnistar and Starfire. GPS receivers capable of receiving more types of correction signals are more versatile.

GPS receivers should be capable of connecting to portable computers for real-time geographic information system (GIS) use. GPS receivers connect to portable hand-held (PDAs) and tablet computers with serial or USB connections. Real-time GIS is used for marking field boundaries and other locations.

For more information about geospatial technology on the Internet, go to the NDSU Geospatial Technology Education Web site at http://134.129.78.3/geospatial/default.htm.

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Source: John Nowatzki, (701) 231-8213, jnowatzk@ndsuext.nodak.edu
Editor: Rich Mattern, (701) 231-6136, richard.mattern@ndsu.nodak.edu

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