North Dakota State University
NDSU Extension Service
Volume 17, No. 2, April 1999
Farmers and ranchers with unusable pesticides are urged to get rid of them free of charge at Project Safe Send collections. The collections will be scheduled across the State in July. Watch your local papers and consult your NDSU Extension Service county office for times, dates, and locations. Project Safe Send is open to anyone with unusable or banned pesticides, such as DDT, mercury seed treatments, arsenic, chlordane, and Paris green.
This is a perfect opportunity to get rid of old pesticides. All you have to do is bring your waste pesticides to the collection site during the collection. It's simple, quick, free and there is no pre-registration required. However, if more than a pickup truck load quantity is being brought in per individual, the North Dakota Department of Agriculture would appreciate advance reservations.
In the past seven years, more than 700,000 pounds of waste pesticides have been collected from nearly 2,500 participants through Project Safe Send. The chemicals are shipped out of state; most are destroyed in special incinerators. Project Safe Send is funded through the fees pesticide manufacturers pay to register their products in the state. Only waste pesticides will be taken. No waste oil, batteries, paints, thinners, or other potentially hazardous waste will be accepted.
The program is being coordinated by Judy Carlson in the North
Dakota Department of Agriculture. If you have any questions, have
large quantities of waste to dispose of, or have pesticides in
poor or dangerous condition to transport, contact her at (800)
242-7535 or (701) 328-2231 or via e-mail at: jcarlson@state.nd.us
Richard Zollinger, NDSU Extension Weed Specialist
Mode of action: ACCase Inhibitor
a.i.: tralkoxydim (40WDG will be replaced with 80WDG)
Crops: HRS and durum wheat, and barley.
Comments: Federal Section 3 registration granted. 40WDG formulation may change in the future to a different concentration. Wide crop stage application window: 2-lf to boot. SuperCharge (U.S). /Turbo-Charge (CAN) adjuvant is included in a separate container in the box and should be used at least at 0.5% v/v. It has MSO type oil + buffer (phosphate esters) to alter (lower) water pH. Addition of AMS strongly recommended. E on ryegrass and barnyardgrass. Wild oat are more susceptible than foxtail. Dry weather greatly decreases grass control. Severe antagonism with SU's and phenoxy amines. May tankmix with Buctril, Bronate, Stinger, and/or MCPA ester. Synergistic activity with Bronate. Supplemental label expands tank mix options to Starane and Harmony GT. Resistant wild oat population documented. Wild oat control is reduced when Achieve is applied in intense UV light, during midday as opposed to evening, and at low GPA. Reducing water carrier pH to 4-6 increases wild oat and grass control with dim herbicides due to greater absorption of molecules in the neutral charge form than in the anionic form at higher pH. Greater absorption may also increase when adding ammonium fertilizer by changing molecules to NH3 form. Add 2 lb/A of AMS at 10gpa and 1 lb/A at 5 gpa. Solution should be sprayed soon after mixing because of acid hydrolysis degradation in low pH conditions.
Mode of action: PPO Inhibitor
a.i.: fluthiacet (proposed) 1.14 to 4.28 oz/A
Crops: Corn and soybean
Comments: Registration expected in 2000. Contact, nonresidual broadleaf herbicide. Corn leaf burn may occur with some adjuvants and hot weather. Narrow weed spectrum velvetleaf, pigweed, lambs-quarters, and nightshade.
AgrEvo is developing 2 POST herbicides for corn. One is an ALS (sulfonylurea) that is enhanced most by ESO adjuvants. Information about both herbicides are limited.
Mode of action: PPO Inhibitor
a.i.: carfentrazone
Crops: Aim in corn, registration in wheat by use season 1999.
Comments: $4/A at 0.33 oz/A. Contact, nonresidual, broadleaf herbicide. Narrow weed spectrum velvetleaf, kochia (+ALS resistant), pigweed, and velvetleaf. Always apply with broadleaf herbicides, such as atrazine in corn or phenoxy herbicides in wheat. Crop leaf burn may occur with oil adjuvants and hot weather. DO NOT apply to barley.
Mode of action: ACCase Inhibitor
a.i.: quizalofop
Crops: Registration on sunflower has been initiated.
Mode of action: PPO Inhibitor
a.i.: sulfentrazone
Crops: PPI or PRE in soybean
Comments: DuPont has rights to market Authority only in soybeans. Registered in ND for 1999 but 2(ee) labeling will include ND weed spectrum and will restrict use with any chlorimuron (Classic, Synchrony, Reliance) product because of very, very long carryover. Authority has 6 to 8 weeks residual, has same mode of action as Blazer and Cobra, controls a wide spectrum of small-seeded broadleaf weeds including all pigweeds species, and nightshades, and has excellent burndown activity for use in no-till. Authority has same active ingredient as Spartan which registration is pursued on cultivated sunflower. Possible negotiations between DuPont and FMC may expand crop usage to sunflower, dry beans, field pea, and other crops. Research initiated to explore fall applications which will utilize winter moisture for activation.
Mode of Action: Carotenoid inhibitor. Unique mode of action.
a.i.: isoxaflutole
Crops: Corn
Comments: Registered in September of 1998. Apply PRE for wide spectrum grass and broadleaf weed control, including wild proso millet, woolly cupgrass, sandbur, and kochia. Do not apply to corn POST or severe corn injury will result. Weak on yellow foxtail, sunflower, giant ragweed and wild buckwheat. Requires rain for maximum weed control. Will control small emerged weeds after a rain event due to movement to and absorption through the roots. Provides 6 to 8 weeks residual weed control. Crop rotation restriction currently at 6 months for all rotational crops except sugarbeet (24 months and field bioassay required).
Mode of action: ALS inhibitor + Plant growth regulator
a.i.: Nicosulfuron (Accent 75DF) + dicamba-Na 70WDG
Crops: Corn
Comments: Registered in April of 1998. Use rate is 6.67 of DF/A and is equivalent to Acccent at 2/3 oz DF/A + Banvel at 8 fl oz. Includes a dry formulation of dicamba (sodium salt). Label does not prohibit use of oil adjuvant (MSO).
Mode of action: ALS inhibitor + Plant growth regulator
a.i.: Accent (nicosulfuron) + Distinct (dicamba-Na + diflufenzopyr-Na 70WDG)
Crops: Corn
Comments: Registration expected in 2000. Objective is to replace the dicamba in Celebrity with Distinct in Celebrity Plus.
Mode of action: Plant growth regulator
a.i.: Banvel = dicamba - dimethylamine salt
Clarity = dicamba - diglycolamine salt
Comments: Aerial applications of Clarity allowed on most all registrations. Clarity label may expand corn window of application. BASF allow Microflo rights to market Banvel. BASF will retain Clarity for all Banvel markets. Heavier salt formulation of Clarity reduces risk of drift compared to Banvel or SGF but droplet or particle drift is equal among formulations and caution should be used using any dicamba brand.
Dicamba Herbicide
Banvel = dicamba - dimethylamine
Banvel SGF = dicamba - Na+
Clarity = dicamba - diglycolamine
Fallowmaster = dicamba - acid + Roundup
Marksman = dicamba - K+ + atrazine
Resolve = dicamba - Na+ + Pursuit
OpTill = dicamba - acid + Frontier
Mode of action: ACCase inhibitor
a.i.: clodinafop
Crops: HRS and durum wheat.
Comments: Registered in Canada. U.S. registration expected in 2000. Controls grass weeds — excellent on wild oat at reduced rates. Wild oat is more susceptible than foxtail. Controls barnyardgrass. Less antagonism with broadleaf herbicides than fenoxaprop or Achieve. Do not use on barley.
Mode of action: Plant growth regulator + Auxin transport inhibitor
a.i.: dicamba (Banvel/Clarity) + diflufenzopyr (2.5:1 ratio).
Crops: Corn
Comments: Diflufenzopyr has a unique mode of action that synergizes auxin type herbicides (2,4-D, Banvel, Curtail, Starane, Stinger, Tordon). DO NOT APPLY TO SMALL GRAINS or injury will occur. Diflufenzopyr in combination with dicamba or picloram (Tordon) has given excellent control of Canada thistle, sowthistle, and leafy spurge control in NDSU field trials.
Mode of action: acetamide (Unknown) + pigment inhibitor
a.i.: flufenacet (in Axiom) + isoxaflutole (Balance)
Crops: Corn
Comments: Registration expected in 1999. Full spectrum annual grass and broadleaf weed control applied PPI or PRE.
Mode of action: ACCase inhibitor
a.i.: tepraloxydim
Crops: Soybean.
Comments: Registration expected in 2000. Annual and perennial grass control similar to other Adim@ herbicides (Poast, Select, Achieve). Use rate will have a lower ai/A that Poast. Rates lower, possibly less antagonism with broadleaf herbicides, and greater perennial grass control than Poast (sethoxydim).
a.i.: oxasulfuron
Crops: Soybean
Comments: Registration expected in 2000. Short residual, SU herbicide. E on large-seeded broadleaf weeds (similar to FirstRate).
Mode of action: PPO inhibitor
a.i.: fomesafen + adjuvant-Same as Reflex except no oil adjuvant
Crops: Soybean
Comments: One of the best kept secrets for economical weed control in soybean. Isolink technology chemically bonds the active ingredient with spray adjuvant for rapid penetration through leaf cuticle. Previously, use has been restricted in ND because of carryover to canola, sunflower and sugarbeet. Labeled in soybean at 1 pt/A in ND east of Interstate 29 from Fargo to SD border. Geographic region of use in soybean has been expanded in 1999 in ND to all areas east of Hwy 280 (carryover increases as precipitation decreases) at a rate of 0.75 pt/A except for area east of Interstate 29 mentioned above. Flexstar is same mode of action as Cobra and Blazer with excellent broadleaf weed control of several weeds but minimal to no crop leaf burn or speckling. E control of ragweeds, vol sunflower, cocklebur, mustard, Venice mallow, and several other weeds. Weak on wild buckwheat. Do not use on dry bean — See Reflex.
Mode of action: Acetamide (Mode of action unknown)
a.i.: dimethenamid and S-dimethenamid (active isomer).
Crops: Possible registration in sunflower and potato.
Comments: 3 to 4 weeks activity. Control foxtail and pigweed. Provides greater nightshade control than others acetanilides.
Mode of action: Acetamide (Mode of action unknown)
a.i.: S-dimethenamid (active isomer). 6 lb ai/A
Crops: Same crops as Frontier.
Comments: Use rates are 55% of Frontier rates. X2 will replace Frontier in future. Registration in potato and sugarbeet expected in 2001.
Mode of action: ALS inhibitor
a.i.: thifensulfuron
Crops: Small grains, and possible Imi canola
Comments: Formulated as the original Harmony 75DF instead of 25DF. Pinnacle will be phased out. Supply only in the Pacific NW in 1999. GT stands for Grass Tankmix because of its limited antagonism with POST grass herbicides. Tankmixes include Achieve, Assert, Avenge, Dakota, Holeon, and Tiller. EPA has been petitioned to allow use on Imi canola
Imi wheat - Raptor, or a different named product, for grass and broadleaf weed control in several wheat varieties. Imi HRSW wheat varieties available in 2003.
Internet Auction Service - http://www.XSChem.com/
Pesticides can be purchased from web sites. Service was originally intended to be sales from dealer to dealer. However, advertisements has shown up in several agricultural magazines distributed in ND suggesting growers can purchase pesticides through this methods. This has caused great excitement with the possibility of acquiring pesticides at a significantly reduced price. Transactions are anonymous and each potential buyer must supply EPA dealer number and registration licenses just to participate in the bidding process. Registered users must provide regulatory license information, shipping address, banking information, and email address. When the seller accepts the bid, the buyer's bank account gets debuted for the bid amount. All freight is charged at cost. Some have observed that ND dealerships are being forced to match auction prices (Treflan/trifluralin 10G at $0.80/lb compared to $0.95/lb).
Mode of action: acetamide + photosynthesis inhibitor
a.i.: dimethenamid + atrazine
Crops: Corn
Comments: Same as Guardsman by BASF. Contains 2.33 lb/gal Frontier and 2.67 lb/gal atrazine.
Mode of action: Glutamine synthetase inhibitor
a.i.: glufosinate
Crops: Transgenic corn, soybean, canola, and sugarbeet.
Comments: Contact herbicide with high activity on annual broadleaf weeds but less on grasses, especially well tillered grasses. 1999 Section 18 registration cleared on Liberty resistant canola. No technology fee anticipated for LL corn or soybean. AgrEvo recommends a soil applied herbicide at half-rate followed by Liberty. AMS recommended with all applications.
Mode of action: Glutamine synthetase inhibitor + Ps inhibitor
a.i.: glufosinate + atrazine
Crops: Liberty resistant corn
Comments: 32 to 40 fl oz/A. 32 fl oz rate = 20 fl oz Liberty and + 0.8 lb atrazine. Add AMS at 3 lb/A
Mode of action: ALS inhibitor
a.i.: sulfosulfuron
Crops: Spring and winter wheat
Comments: Registration expected in 1999 or 2000.
A very long residual, SU herbicide applied PRE or POST at 0.67 oz/A for cheatgrass/downy brome, quackgrass and broadleaf weed control in winter wheat. Better efficacy as an EPOST application. Has foxtail and wild oat activity in HRSW. Poor control of jointed goatgrass. MSO adjuvants provide greater herbicide enhancement.
Mode of action: PPO inhibitor
a.i.: azafenidin
Crops: Label expected for citrus.
Comments: Long residual herbicide. Under current investigation for registration in cultivated sunflower, cucurbits, basil, asparagus. Degree of residue and carryover may determine possibility of registration on sunflower and other tolerant crops.
Mode of action: ALS Inhibitor
a.i.: flucarbozone
Crops: Wheat, including durum and winter.
Comments: Sulfonylaminocarbonyltri-azolinone chemstry found by looking for fungicides. In development in HRS wheat and durum - NOT BARLEY - for control of grass and broadleaf weeds at 0.27 lb ai/A (20-30 g ai/ha) to wheat at 1 to 6-leaves. Must use NIS and combine with another broadleaf herbicide. Controls green foxtail, wild oat, mustard species, redroot pigweed, and annual smartweed. Suppresses yellow foxtail. Bayer has 3 other experimental compounds each other modes of action.
Mode of action: ALS inhibitor
a.i.: ethametsulfuron
Crops: Canola and possibly crambe
Comments: 1999 Section 18 registration for use in seed canola granted with a 60 day preharvest interval. Similar use on crambe has been requested but action has not been taken. Unknown safety to tame mustard — probably injury.
Mode of action: ALS inhibitor + Plant growth regulator
a.i.: primisulfuron + dicamba
Crops: Corn
Comments: Beacon at 0.5 oz/A + dicamba at 4 fl oz/A. Targeted use area is north of I-80. Not actively promoted in ND due to carryover concerns from Beacon. Use NIS at 1% v/v.
Mode of action: PPO inhibitor
a.i.: Unknown at this time
Crops: Different transgenically developed crops
Comments: Patented >Acuron = gene will be inserted into different crops like corn to confer resistance to reduced risk PPO herbicides in development. PPO herbicides will have greater soil residue than one on the market. University trials in 2001. Transgenic crops to be developed are corn, sugarbeet, wheat, cotton, soybean, rice, canola, and sorghum. Acuron will be available in more than Novartis seed lines.
Accord 75DF (BASF) - In Canada
Mode of action: Plant growth regulator
a.i.: quinclorac
Crops: Wheat, fallow, sorghum, and noncropland
Comments: Registration for fall and preplant applications granted in April 1999. Registration for in-crop use expected in 2000 or 2001. Rates at 0.17 to 0.33 lb/A. Labeled on foxtail, barnyardgrass, cleavers, volunteer flax, and sowthistle in Canada. Most crops may be planted one year after application except flax, chick pea, field pea, and sugarbeet which must wait for 24 months after application before planting. Accord antagonizes Assert. Use only MSO adjuvant. Used in Canada to control DNA/ACCase resistant green foxtail. Some research show greater consistency of field bindweed control at rates 0.37 to 0.5 lb ai/A. Will require multiple applications if use less than 0.37 lb ai/A.
a.i.: sethoxydim
Crops: Several broadleaf crops.
Comments: Price reduced to $8/gallon for 1999. Section 18 possible on safflower in 1999.
Mode of action: DNA + ALS inhibitor
a.i.: pendimethalin + imazethapyr
Crops: Soybean
Comments: First time a form of Pursuit herbicide is allowed to be used soil applied in ND. Rate of 1.8 pt/A is 3/4 of mid-west rate. 1.8 pt/A = Pursuit at 3 fl oz + Prowl at 1.75 pt/A. Additional Prowl up to 1.75 pt/A may be added. Allowed in ND south of Hwy 2. Use in Roundup Ready soybean at 2.5 pt/A followed by 1 pt/A Roundup Ultra + nonionic surfactant + AMS. Testing in dry beans and field peas will be pursued for future registration.
a.i.: Basic blend adjuvant classification.
For use with Accent, Pursuit, and Raptor at 1% v/v. $14.75/gal.
1% at 5 gpa = $0.75/A, 1% at 10 gpa = $1.50/A.
May resolve some concerns regarding use of oil additives with herbicides such as Accent + Banvel on corn and precipitation problems with Betanex, Betamix, Betamix Progress.
Mode of action: ALS inhibitor
a.i.: imazamox
Crops: Imi canola, dry bean and field pea.
Comments: The alternate name of Motive has been discontinued.
Soybean yellowing in 1999 may be due to hot, humid conditions at applications, not using Fe chlorosis tolerant varieties, stresses from excessive rain and hot dry soil surface which limited root depth and development, and from late applications. Section 18 registration on Imi canola has been granted. Section 18 for dry beans and field pea at 4 fl oz/A is pending but doubtful at the time of this writing (4/23/99). For use on crops other than soybean — NIS with or with out nitrogen fertilizer. No oil adjuvants allowed. Residue trials on Imi tolerant sunflower planned for 1999 to allow use in 2000 through Section 18 registration has been postponed for one year. Tolerance to Imi sunflower lines will be researched in 1999. Weak on wild buckwheat, Venice mallow, biennial wormwood, common ragweed and essential no control of perennials.
Mode of action: ALS inhibitor + Plant growth regulator
a.i.: 5:1 ratio of triasulfuron (Amber) + dicamba (Banvel/Clarity)
Crops: Wheat, pasture, rangeland, and CRP
Comments: 2 to 4 oz/A. Registered in ND but not actively promoted in wheat in ND due to the very long carryover of Amber and interference with rotation to sensitive crops.
Mode of action: PPO inhibitor
a.i.: fomesafen - Same as Flexstar except without oil adjuvant
Crops: Soybean and Section 18 registration applied for on dry bean (as of 4/20/99)
Comments: Previously, use has been restricted in ND because of carryover to sugarbeet. Labeled in soybean at 1 pt/A in ND east of Interstate 29 from Fargo to SD border. Geographic region of use in soybean has been expanded in 1999 in ND to all areas east of Hwy 281 at a rate of 0.75 pt/A except for area east of Interstate 29 mentioned above. 1999 Section 18 submitted for use in dry bean for use in same area as soybean. Data from MI indicates less dry bean crop injury than Basagran. E control of ragweeds, vol sunflower, cocklebur and several other weeds.
Mode of action: Glutamine synthetase inhibitor
a.i.: glufosinate + adjuvants
Crops: Vine kill in potato.
Comments: Label expected in 1999. Not for seed potatoes. One application recommended but acts slower than diquat.
a.i.: bentazon + sethoxydim
Crops: Soybean and possibly dry beans and field pea
Comments: Price reduced to approximately $14/A - cheaper than Basagran alone.
Mode of action: EPSP synthase inhibition
a.i.: glyphosate
Crops: Roundup Ready Soybean/Corn/Canola ('99/2000)/ Sugarbeet ('99/2000)
Comments: Section 18 registration on Roundup Ready canola granted. Expires July 31, 1999. Section 18 for dry bean preharvest desiccation/ harvest aid has been submitted to EPA. Roundup was used illegally in ND in 1998 as a harvest aid in dry beans — litigation in progress.
Estimated cost of production at $1.50/gal
Has been a $1 billion a year herbicide
World wide = 56+ producers of glyphosate
RU RT price reduced by $10/gal to ~ $40/gal U.S.
RU Ultra RT price reduced by $6/gal to ~ $32/gal U.S.
Canadian RU Ultra $8.40 to $8.50/L CAN = $21-25/gal U.S.
Canadian generics (Renegade) even lower price ($7.50/L CAN)
Argentina RU = $12/gal
Roundup is off patent in October of 2000
Tech fee for soybean increased from $5 to $6.50/bag
Conventional soybean seed = $14.00/bag
RUR soybean seed = $22.00/bag
RUR corn seed = $120/bag
RUR corn seed tech fee = $18/bag = $6/A
Possible $6.50 rebate when used Harness PRE fb >1 qt/A RU.
Additive TF for multiple traits-$24 for Bt +$18 RUR corn = $42
in addition to higher cost of transgenic seed ($85-90/unit corn).
Number of seed partners has expanded from 16 to over 227 seed companies. Monsanto will share technology to any institution/ company that will charge technology fee. Has occurred with Tennessee.
To avoid misapplication to non-RUR seed 1 to 2% of yellow-leafed soybean seed may be blended with RUR seed. The yellow leaved plants will indicate RUR soybeans at application. Black seeded yellow-leafed soybean seed may also be developed to help growers keep track of seed source at planting . Also, the Moid America Crop Protection Association has developed a new sign of a large red spot in a white background has been developed to be used to mark RUR fields. The sign will carry a product icon and letter code indicating what genetic traits are present in the crop.
Less RUR corn tolerance than RUR soy-bean tolerance. Monsato stand behind RUR soybean only if RU is used. However, due to less corn tolerance Monsanto suggests using companion products like atrazine or acetochlor followed by RU.
RUR varieties may lag 3 to 4 years in yield (7%) behind highest yielding conventional varieties. May need to backcross to get the junk out.
1999 Formulations
Monsanto has made agreements with the following companies to allow glyphosate use on soybeans and other Roundup Ready crops with some applications starting in 1999:
Sentrachem (owned by Dow) have glyphosate production at 25,000 metric tons per year 2000
Some reports of less weed control from application made after 6:00 p.m. — MN working on it. IA seen similar results with Pursuit.
Application window different for perennials than annuals. Spray perennial later (bud to bloom stage) than annual weeds which may encourage use of soil applied foundation treatments to keep weeds in check until perennials are at a the most effective stage for application.
Resistant rigid ryegrass documented in Australia at 7 to 10X rates. Plants with low resistance when cross pollinated results in progeny with greater level of resistance. Resistant populations are highly less fit and are homozygous than original population. Mechanism of resistance not understood. Movement by pollen does not occur in plants expressing multi-gene resistance.
Premix of Roundup (Original) and Liberty sold in Canada as Roundup Fastforward Preharvest as a Amulti-modal technology (TM)@ for a 10 day faster dry down of crop and weeds but antagonizes perennial weed control.
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Pesticide Quarterly - Volume 17, No. 2, April 1999
NDSU Extension Service, North Dakota State University of
Agriculture and Applied Science, and U.S. Department of
Agriculture cooperating. Sharon D. Anderson, Director, Fargo,
North Dakota. Distributed in furtherance of the Acts of Congress
of May 8 and June 30, 1914. We offer our programs and facilities
to all persons regardless of race, color, national origin,
religion, sex, disability, age, Vietnam era veterans status, or
sexual orientation; and are an equal opportunity employer.
This publication will be made available in alternative format for
persons with disabilities upon request 701/231-7881.
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