North Dakota State University
NDSU Extension Service
No. 187 April 2001
http://www.ext.nodak.edu/extnews/snouts
Greetings
Consider Count When Planting Beans
2001 New Herbicide Review
Miniature Pivots
Tech Tip: Does Your Flow Meter Work?
As the NDSU Irrigation Task Force begins the 29th year of preparing this irrigation newsletter, many new challenges are being presented. Irrigation is accepted as an important contribution to economic development, value added agriculture and revitalization of our farming communities. A report on the economic impact of the AVIKO potato processing plant in Jamestown was just published. Almost all of the potatoes delivered to the plant are irrigated. The report shows that this plant alone increases annual business activity by $148 million.
Last November, the first NDSU Irrigation Research Summit was held. The purpose of the summit was to improve communication about irrigation and to identify and prioritize irrigation research needs that support the irrigation development needs of the state.
Results of the summit pointed to a need to improve the existing irrigation research sites and establish additional sites in the state. Several important research topics were identified. Several methods were proposed to identify future irrigation research needs and develop methods for prioritizing irrigation research topics. Last, methods of enhancing communication of irrigation research needs were discussed and proposed. This newsletter has been a major instrument of communication over the last 29 years. Later this year we will be including a survey with this newsletter to obtain your views on irrigation research and communication needs. Look for it in the coming months.
The NDSU Irrigation Task Force of which I am chairman selects the topics for articles in Water Spouts. We try to select topics to help better manage your irrigation systems. The Task Force comprises the following individuals:
Tom Scherer, Extension Agricultural Engineer
Aung Hla, Extension Area Irrigation Specialist
Duane Berglund, Extension Agronomist
Bob Henson, Assistant Agronomist, Carrington R/E Center
Blaine Schatz, Director, Carrington R/E Center
Paul Hendrickson, Research Specialist -- Irrigation, Carrington R/E Center
Harlene Hatterman-Valenti, Assistant Professor, Plant Sciences
Gary Secor, Professor, Plant Pathology
Richard Greenland, Supervisor, Oakes Irrigation Research Site
Dean Steele, Assistant Professor, Agricultural and Biosystems Engineering
Dave Kirkpatrick, Research Specialist, Agricultural and Biosystems Engineering
Dwight Aakre, Extension Agricultural Economist
Dave Franzen, Extension Soils Specialist
Bruce Seelig, Extension Water Quality Specialist
Kevin Sedivec, Extension Rangeland Management Specialist
Rudy Radke, Extension Area Agriculture Diversification Specialist
Frank Casey, Assistant Professor, Soil Science Department
Dave Hopkins, Assistant Professor, Soil Science Department
Larry Cihacek, Associate Professor, Soil Science Department
Dale Siebert, Extension Agent, Richland County
At the end of each Water Spouts article, the author's name, telephone number and email address (if the author has one) are listed. If you have any questions about any article, please contact the author by whichever means is convenient. If you prefer, contact me for help. If you want to look at past issues of Water Spouts, they are available on the Internet at the address shown at the top of this newsletter (under the pumps).
Tom Scherer
(701) 231-7239
Extension Agricultural Engineer
tscherer@ndsuext.nodak.edu
The recommended seeding rates of dry beans and soybeans should be based on the number of beans planted per acre and not bushels or pounds of seed planted per acre. Seed count varies considerably within dry bean classes and among soybean varieties. The recommended planting rate for pintos is to plant a sufficient amount of live seed to obtain an established plant population of 70,000 plants per acre when planting in 30 inch row spacing. For navy beans, plant a minimum of 90,000 seeds per acre or even higher if using narrow row spacing. One also must allow for both germination and any seedling mortality problems due to soil crusting or use of a rotary hoe for weed control.
Seeding rates from 150,000 plants to 225,000 plants per acre do not change soybean yields in North Dakota. However, higher seeding rates (about 180,000-200,000) are suggested for narrow rows, (6-12 inches) compared to wider rows, (24 to 30 inches). Fewer seeds per foot of row in narrow rows may have more difficulty emerging than in wider rows if soil crusting should occur. Planting more seed may help overcome emergence problems. Soybean seed lots and varieties vary in number of seeds per pound. Seeding rate should also be adjusted for percent germination.
For example: 180,000 desired plants divided by the germination rate (.90) and then divided by 3,000 seeds per pound equals a seeding rate of 67 pounds per acre.
Duane R. Berglund
(701) 231-8135
NDSU Extension Agronomist
dberglun@ndsuext.nodak.edu
Mode of action: PPO inhibitor
a.i.: carfentrazone
Crops: Small grains, barley, oat , and corn.
Comments: DO NOT USE IN SOYBEAN! Labeled for preplant burndown and fallow prior to planting field corn, soybean and wheat with no planting interval restrictions since these crops are labeled and have established tolerances. Aim can also be used on fallow which includes CRP but do not use if the legume has emerged. Aim + Roundup enhances the speed of activity and adds control of susceptible weeds kochia, lambsquarters and pigweed. May provide partial control of wild buckwheat and Russian thistle. Crops without a tolerance must be planted 30 days or more after application.
Mode of action: ALS inhibitor
a.i.: cloransulam
Crops: Soybean
Comments: Monsanto will market FirstRate under the name Amplify for use with Roundup products for control and residual control of large-seeded broadleaf weeds.
Phasing out: Detail, TriScept, Tri-4, Scepter OT, Steel, Celebrity, Galaxy, Manifest, Storm.
Mode of action: ALS inhibitor + glyphosate
a.i.: cloransulam tankmixed with glyphosate
Crops: Roundup Ready soybean
Comments: A Dow program of a one-pass tankmix of FirstRate + Glyphomax or Glyphomax Plus for grass and improved broadleaf weed from Dow. FirstRate will provide residual control of some broadleaf weeds.
Mode of action: Acetanilde +Photosynthetic inhibitor
a.i.: metolachlor + triazine
Crops: Soybean
Comments: Contains 6.3 lb/gallon of active isomer of metolachlor + 1.5 lb/gallon of metribuzin. The rate of 1.5 pt/A of Boundary gives 1.24 pt/A of Dual II Magnum and 6 oz DF/A of Sencor. Compared to Turbo it is more metolachlor and less metribuzin. Marketed primarily in the Roundup Ready soybean system.
Mode of action: Carotenoid inhibitor - same as Balance
a.i.: mesotrione (ZA1296)= Reduced Risk Classification
Crops: Corn
Comments: Registration expected in 2001. POST application up to 30 inches tall. Symptoms are plant bleaching. Caution with Counter or tankmix with an OP. Active ingredient is based on secreted allelochemicals from Callistemon citrinus (Bottlebrush) after observing significantly less weed competition than plants around it. 9 day half-life — no carryover expected. Possible dicamba replacement.
Mode of action: Unknown
a.i.: fluthiacet
Crops: Corn and soybean.
Comments: Sold alone instead of only in premix as Axiom, Domain, Epic, etc. Aventis controls and services Define distribution in corn but the product is being co-marketed with Bayer. Requires water for activation. Crop rotation restrictions limit use in N.D.
Phasing out: Scorpion III, Broadstrike + Treflan.
Will co-market Rodeo and Accord with Monsanto.
Phasing out: Pinnacle, Canopy, Reliance STS.
Mode of action: Unknown
a.i.: EPTC
Crops: Dry beans, potatoes, corn.
Comments: Sold by Zeneca to Cedar Chem.
Mode of action: ALS inhibitor +glyphosate
a.i.: imazethapyr + glyphosate (Pursuit + Roundup Original)
Crops: Roundup Ready Soybean
Comments: ND rate is 2.25 pt/A and is equivalent to 3 fl oz/A of Pursuit and 18 fl oz of Roundup Original. Price is less than $10/A. Nonionic surfactant (NIS) and ammonium sulfate (AMS) fertilizer are required. Some formulated products are currently available: Sensation from Rosens and Surfate from AGSCO. Extreme can be used in all of ND and in MN North of Hwy #210.
Mode of action: PPO + ALS inhibitor
a.i.: sulfentrazone + chloransulam
Crops: Soybean
Comments: Preemergence use and used with a grass program offers very good full-spectrum annual broad leaf weed control. Significant cost savings from buying each product independently.
Mode of action: ALS inhibitor + Growth Regulator
a.i.: flumetulam + clopyralid-K+
Crops: Corn
Comments: New K salt of clopyralid formulation contains 25% less ai than SP formulation but use rates will 25% more resulting in no change in ai/A (2 oz WDG = 1.6 oz SP. New formulation changes signal word from Danger to Warning.
Mode of action: Acetamide (Mode of action unknown)
a.i.: dimethenamid-P (active isomer). 6 lb ai/A
Crops: Same crops as Frontier.
Comments: Use rates are 55% of Frontier rates. Will replace Frontier in future. Pending registration on potato and sugarbeet.
Mode of action: Photosystem I inhibitor
a.i.: diquat- NH3 salt (2 lb ai/gallon)
Crops: Potato
Comments: Reglone has been used in Canada for several years and in 2000 will now become the U.S. standard formulation in the U.S. Same active ingredient as Diquat (diquat- dibromide salt). Labeled for preharvest desiccation of potato, alfalfa, clover, grain sorghum, and soybean seed crops.
Mode of action: EPSP synthase inhibition
a.i.: glyphosate
Crops: Various
Comments: U.S price varies from 22.50 to $40/gallon.
Registered Glyphosate Products:
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Adjuvant
Trade Name Manufacturer Active ingredients lb ai or ae/gal Load*
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Backdraft BASF imazaquin + 0.25 + 1.25 None
glyphosate-ipa
Campaign Monsanto glyphosate-ipa + 1.2 + 1.9 None
2,4-D-ipa
Cornerstone Agriliance glyphosate-ipa 3 Partial
Engame UAP glyphosate-AMADS 1.23 + 9.1 Partial
Expert Novartis s-metolachlor + 1.73 + 2.13 + 1 None
atrazine + gly-ipa
Extreme BASF imazethapyr + 0.17 + 2 None
glyphosate-ipa
Fallowmaster Monsanto glyphosate-ipa + 1.1 + 0.5 None
dicamba acid
Fallow Star Albaugh glyphosate-ipa + 1.1 + 0.5 None
dicamba acid
FieldMaster Monsanto acetochlor + atrazine 2 + 1.5 + 0.56 None
+ gly-ipa
Gly-Flo Micro Flo glyphosate-ipa 3 Partial
Glyfos Cheminova glyphosate-ipa 3 Partial
Glyphos X-tra Cheminova glyphosate-ipa 3 Full
Glyphomax Dow glyphosate-ipa 3 Partial
Glyphomax Plus Dow glyphosate-ipa 3 Full
Glyphosate Herb. DuPont glyphosate-ipa 3 Partial
Glyphosate Orig. Griffin glyphosate-ipa 3 Partial
Glypro Dow glyphosate-ipa 4 None
Glypro Plus Dow glyphosate-ipa 3 Full
Gly Star 5 Albaugh glyphosate-ipa 3.7 Partial
Gly Star Original Albaugh glyphosate-ipa 3 Partial
Gly Star Plus Albaugh glyphosate-ipa 3 Full
Landmaster BW Monsanto glyphosate-ipa + 0.9 + 1.5 None
2,4-D-ipa
Land Star Albaugh glyphosate-ipa + 0.9 + 1.5 None
2,4-D-ipa
Protocol Monsanto glyphosate-ipa 3 Partial
Rattler Helena glyphosate-ipa 3 Partial
ReadyMaster ATZ Monsanto atrazine + gly 2 + 1.5 None
Rodeo Monsanto glyphosate-ipa 4 None
Roundup Custom Monsanto glyphosate-ipa 4 None
Roundup Original Monsanto glyphosate-ipa 3 Partial
RU Original RT Monsanto glyphosate-ipa 3 Partial
RU SoluGran Monsanto glyphosate-NH3 86.5% None
RU/Private labels Various glyphosate-ipa 3 Partial
Roundup Ultra Monsanto glyphosate-ipa 3 Full
Roundup Ultra RT Monsanto glyphosate-ipa 3 Full
RU UltraDry Monsanto glyphosate-NH3 65% Full
RU UltraMax Monsanto glyphosate-ipa 3.7 Full
Silhouette Various glyphosate-ipa 3 Partial
Touchdown 5 Syngenta glyphosate-tms 3.45 Partial
Touchdown 3 Syngenta glyphosate - 2(NH3) 3 Full
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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* Full = No additional Non-Ionic Surfactant (NIS) needed. Partial = Additional NIS needed. None = Additional NIS at full rate required.Studies in Minnesota, Nebraska, and Kansas confirm less weed control from application made after 6:00 pm. Iowa has seen similar results with Pursuit.
a.i.: ethalfluralin
Crops: Supplemental labeling allows use chemigation in dry beans and sunflower through pivot, lateral move, or end row sprinkler. Directions are specific for this use.
Phase out: Broadstrike + Dual, Turbo, Bicep MAGNUM TR, Dual, Dual II, Bicep, Bicep Lite II. Only MAGNUM formulations will remain.
Mode of action: PPO + Triazine
a.i.: carfentrazone + atrazine
Crops: Co-pack for corn and sorghum.
Mode of action: PPO inhibitor
a.i.: acifluorfen-Na salt
Crops: Soybean
Comments: A new formulation of Blazer with Ion Charge Technology that can reduce amount of crop injury similar to Flexstar but less than Cobra.
Mode of action: PPO inhibitor - Cell membrane disruptor
a.i.: flumioxazin
Crops: Soybean
Comments: Soil applied at 2 to 3 oz/A. Rates INCREASE as soil organic matter decreases. Similar to Authority/ Spartan herbicide except no carryover and better common ragweed control (P-F). Label in soybean expected in 2002. Research in alfalfa (established only), dry bean, field pea, mint, potato, onion and some vegetable crops are in development. Burndown will be allowed <30 days prior to planting wheat, corn, and sunflower. Provides E common mallow control also shows excellent algae control (on roofs). Shows white mold control in soybean. Very insoluble and does absorption does not change with pH as sulfentrazone.
Richard Zollinger
(701) 231-8157
NDSU Extension Weed Specialist
rzolling@ndsuext.nodak.edu
Some people call them "mini-pivots," others call them "micro-pivots." Although they look like miniature versions of a standard, full-size center pivot, mini-pivots differ from standard pivots in several important areas.
The most noticeable difference is the height of the pivot point. On a standard pivot the pivot point and towers are typically 12 feet high; on a mini-pivot the pivot point and towers are 6 to 7 feet tall. The average span length between towers on a standard pivot is about 165 feet; on a mini-pivot they average about 100 feet. On mini-pivots, the supply pipes between towers are from 3 to 4 inches in diameter whereas on a standard pivot the common supply pipe is 6 5/8 inches in diameter. The smaller diameter of the supply pipe limits the effective length of the mini-pivots to about 800 feet, which is enough to irrigate about 50 acres. Because of their smaller size, they are lighter than standard pivots and may not be as prone to creating deep wheel tracks.
Most mini-pivots use standard single-phase 110-volt alternating current (AC) for the control panel. The tower drive motor uses direct current rather than three phase AC typical of standard pivots. Some manufacturers power the mini-pivot using batteries recharged by a solar panel. Another form of mini-pivot uses a single tower of standard size and span length with a large overhang and power it with an internal combustion engine mounted on the tower. Mini-pivots use the same size drop tubes and sprinklers as standard pivots.
In addition to mini-pivots, some manufacturers have mini-lateral-move irrigation systems. Lateral-move systems (sometimes called linear-move systems) physically look like center pivots but are designed to move along the edge of a field rather than in a circle. They are commonly used for rectangular pieces of land. An advantage of mini-pivots over standard pivots is that they can be located in areas where it is difficult to obtain three-phase power. A disadvantage is their low height; they can't be used to irrigate tall crops such as field corn, sorghum or sudangrass.
For more information about mini-pivots, visit the following websites:
www.titan2000.com
www.agirrigation.net/hydrus/
www.minipivot.com/
www.reinke.com/domestic/library/mpivot.htm
Tom Scherer
(701) 231-7239
NDSU Extension Agricultural Engineer
tscherer@ndsuext.nodak.edu
Flow meters appear to be equipment that many irrigators don't use, don't repair and constantly overlook when managing their irrigation systems. It is common to visit an irrigation pumping plant and find the flow meter not working. Often it has been that way for many years. North Dakota winters are hard on flow meters, and the freeze/thaw cycles quickly cause the bearings and other moving parts to wear out.
Flow meters and pressure gages provide extremely valuable management information. Having an accurate measure of flow rate is important for proper chemigation, selection and modification of sprinkler nozzles, calculating the application rate of the pivot, checking the production of the well and tracking the performance of the pump. This is important information, so before the irrigation season starts, set up a program to fix or replace the flow meters on your wells. If your flow meter is working properly, consider removing the flow meter next fall and storing it in a warm place for the winter. All it takes is about 15 minutes to remove the flow meter and cover the hole in the pipe with a piece of tin. If you take care of your flow meter it will last a long time and provide accurate information on the performance of your irrigation system.
Tom Scherer
(701) 231-7239
NDSU Extension Agricultural Engineer
tscherer@ndsuext.nodak.edu
Water Spouts, No. 187 April 2001
NDSU Extension Service, North Dakota State University of Agriculture and Applied Science, and U.S. Department of Agriculture cooperating. Sharon D. Anderson, Director, Fargo, North Dakota. Distributed in furtherance of the Acts of
Congress of May 8 and June 30, 1914. We offer our programs and facilities to all persons regardless of race, color, national origin, religion, sex, disability, age, Vietnam era veterans status, or sexual orientation; and are an equal opportunity
employer.
This publication will be made available in alternative formats for people withdisabilities upon request, 701/231-7881.