Lawn Pests in North Dakota (continued)
E-904 (Revised), April 1997
Sod Webworms
White Grubs
Ants
Earthworm
Other Pests Associated With Lawns
Additional Readings
Other Pests Associated With Lawns
| Overwintering Insect or Other Arthropod Pest | Stage and Location | Generations/Year | Host Attacked | Part(s) of Plant Attacked and Symptoms |
| Leafhoppers (Several spp.)  |
Eggs in stem and adults in protected areas. | several | Grass | Leaves spotted at feeding site. Tiny wedge-shaped insects fly from grass. |
Millipedes and Sowbugs |
Adults and eggs in and on soil. | 1 | Feed on decaying organic matter. Hide and migrate in grass. | Eat roots of plants. Heavy populations are themselves annoying. |
| Grasshoppers (Several sp.)  |
Eggs in pods in the soil. | 1 | Grass | Eat foliage. |
Crickets |
Eggs in the soil. | 1 | Grass | Eat foliage. Enter homes in fall. |
Wireworms |
Larval and adult stages in soil. | Up to 7 years development. Generations overlap. | Wild and cultivated grasses. | Wilting and dying areas. Roots eaten and tunneled by larvae. |
American Dog Tick |
Adults and nymphs in the thatch. | 1 | Man and pets. | Ticks attach to man and pets. Possible vector of human and pet diseases. |
Commercial Lawn Pest Control
| Pest | Insecticide | Rate | Remarks |
| White Grubs | carbaryl (several formulations) (Sevin) | Follow label rates for white grubs. | Water into sod after application. |
| chlorpyrifos (2E & 4E) (Dursban) | Follow label rates. | Water thoroughly, immediately after application. | |
| chlorpyrifos 2.3 (Dursban) | 1 lb./1000 sq. ft. | Water lawn immediately after application with 30 gal. of water/1000 sq. ft. | |
| diazinon 25% EC | 4 fl. oz. in 12 gal./500sq. ft. | Water immediately into soil after application. Do not use on golf courses or sod farms. | |
| diazinon 5 G | 2.5 lbs./1000 sq. ft. | Apply when grass is dry and water after application. Do not use on golf courses or sod farms. | |
| isazophos 4E (Triumph) | 1.5 fl. oz./1000 sq. ft. | Apply in sufficient water to ensure uniforrn coverage. As soon as application is complete, apply � inch of water but stop watering before puddling or runoff occurs. Do not treat golf course fairways. | |
| isofenfos 22% EC (Oftanol 2) | 3.0 fl. oz./1000 sq. ft. or 1 gal./acre | Water lawn thoroughly within 12 hours of the application, using sufficient water to wet the soil to a depth of 1 to 1� inches. | |
| isofenphos 5 G (Oftanol) | 0.9 lb./1000 sq. ft. | White grub control will occur only after rain or watering moves the insecticide into the top 1 to 1� inches of soil. | |
| Sod Webworm | bendiocarb 76% EC (Turcam) | � to 1 fl. oz./1000 sq. ft. | Apply when pest is evident. Use adequate quantity of water to thoroughly moisten grass and thatch. |
| carbaryl (several formulations) (Sevin) | Follow label rate for sod webworm. | Insure good penetration of turf. For best results mow lawn and apply after a rain or watering. Repeat at 2 to 3 week intervals if needed. | |
| chlorpyrifos (2E & 4E) (Dursban) | Follow label rates | Delay watering for 12 to 24 hours after application. | |
| chlorpyrifos 2.3 G | 1 lb./1000 sq. ft. | Water lawn immediately after application with 30 gal. of water per 1000 sq. ft. | |
| diazinon 25% EC | 8 ft. oz. in 24 gal. water/1000 sq. ft. | Thoroughly wet down grass a few hours before applying. Do not use on golf courses or sod farms. | |
| diazinon 5 G | 2 lb./1000 sq. ft. | Apply when grass is dry and water after application. Do not use on golf courses or sod farms. | |
| isazophos 4E (Triumph) | 0.75 fl. oz./1000 sq. ft. | Apply in sufficient water to ensure uniform coverage. As soon as application is complete, apply � inch of water but stop watering before puddling or runoff occurs. Do not treat golf course fairways. | |
| isofenphos 22% EC (Oftanol 2) | 1.5 to 3 fl. oz./1000 sq. ft. treatment. | Apply � to � inch of water within 12 hours of application. | |
| isofenphos 5 G (Oftanol) | 0.9 lbs./1000 sq. ft. | Apply � to 1 inch of water within 24 hours of application. | |
| Ants | bendiocarb 76% EC (Turcam) | 0.5 to 1.0 oz./1000 sq. ft. | Apply to hills and surrounding areas. Use adequate quantities of water to thoroughly moisten grass and thatch. |
| carbaryl (several formulations) (Sevin) | Follow label rates for ants. | Same as above. | |
| chlorpyrifos (2E & 4E) (Dursban) | Consult label for rates. | Same as above. | |
| chlorpyrifos 5.3 G (Dursban) | 1 lb./1000 sq. ft. | Spot treat areas where ant hills are abundant. Water with � to � inch to activate the insecticide. | |
| diazinon 25% EC | 2 tsp./gal. | Spot treat ant hills and surrounding areas. Thoroughly moisten the grass and thatch. Do not use on golf courses or sod farms. | |
| diazinon 5 G | 2 lbs./1000 sq. ft. | Spot treat ant hills and surrounding areas. Water with � to � inch to activate the insecticide granules. Do not use on golf courses or sod farms. | |
| isazophos 4E (Triumph) | 0.75 fl. oz./1000 sq ft. | Apply in sufficient water to ensure uniform coverage. As soon as application is complete, apply � inch of water but stop watering before puddling or runoff occurs. Do not treat golf course fairways. | |
| Earthworms | There are no
lawn insecticides that list earthworms on the label of
pests controlled. Publications from Ohio State University
have listed the toxicity of the common lawn insecticides
to earthworms. The only lawn insecticide that is listed
as highly toxic to earthworms is carbaryl (Sevin). From
this infomation the following control procedure is
suggested: 1. In early spring, lightly roll or power rake the lawn to remove old worm castings. 2. Thoroughly water the lawn several hours before the application is to be applied. 3. Apply liquid carbaryl (Sevin) insecticide at the label rate recommended for sod webworms. Evening applications are most effective. Do not water the lawn for several days after application. 4. Repeat if castings continue to appear. |
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Additional Readings
General Information
Brandenburg, R.L. and M. G. Villani. 1995., Handbook of Turfgrass Insect Pests., Entomological Society of America. 140 pp.
Sod Webworms
Banerjee, A.C. and G.C. Decker. 1966. Studies on Sod webworm. I. Emergence, mating, and oviposition behavior under natural conditions. J. Econ. Entomol. 59:1237-1244.
Bishop, D.M., A.H. Bruneau and R. Roselle. 1981. Identifying Turfgrass Insects. University of Nebraska Cooperative Extension Service Circular. G81-565, 4pp.
Pass, B.C. 1966. Control of sod webworms, Crambus teterrellus, C. trisectus, and C. mutabilis in Kentucky. J. Econ. Entomol. 59:9-21.
June Beetles
Davidson, R.H. and W.F. Lyon. 1979. Insect pests of Farm Home and Orchard. John Wiley and Sons, New York, N.Y., pp.126-128.
Lago, P.K., R.L. Post and C.Y. Oseto. 1979. The Phytophagous Scarabaeidae and Troginae (Coleoptera) of North Dakota. North Dakota Insects Publication No. 12. Schafer-Post Series.
Luginbill, P. and H.R. Painter.1953. May beetles of the United States and Canada. USDA Tech. Bull. 1060.
Ants
Wheeler, G.C. and J. Wheeler. 1963. The ants of North Dakota. The University of North Dakota Press, Grand Forks, N.D., p. 326.
Mallis, A.1982. Ants. In "Handbook of Pest Control," Franzak and Foster Company, Cleveland, Ohio, pp. 425-487.
Earthworms
Martin, J.P., J.H. Black and R.M. Hawthorne. 1977. Earthworm biology and production. University of California Cooperative Extension. Leaflet 2828
Edwards, C.A. and J.R. Lofty. 1972. Biology of Earthworms. Halsted Press, New York, N.Y., p. 283.
-- B A C K --
E-904 (Revised), April 1997
